1锛庡巻鍙叉部闈�?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
鏈笓涓氬鐢熼』鎺ュ彈鏀挎不瀛︾殑绯荤粺璁粌锛岄�杩囧箍娉涢槄璇婚┈鍏嬫�涓讳箟鍜岃タ鏂规斂娌绘�鎯冲鐨勭粡鍏歌钁椾互鍙婃湁鍏充腑鍥藉拰澶栧浗鏀挎不鍒跺害鐨勮钁楋紝鎺屾彙鏀挎不鐞嗚鍜屾斂娌诲垎鏋愭柟娉曪紝骞朵笖瀵逛腑鍥芥斂娌诲埗搴︽垨鑰呮煇涓鍥芥斂娌诲埗搴︽垨鑰呮煇涓�粍鍥藉鐨勬斂娌诲埗搴﹁繘琛岃緝娣卞叆鐨勭爺绌躲�
娴欐睙澶у涓鏀挎不鍒跺害瀛︾鐐逛簬2001骞磋绔嬶紝骞跺紑濮嬫嫑鏀剁爺绌剁敓锛屽凡姣曚笟6灞婅繎40鍚嶇澹爺绌剁敓銆傚悓鏃讹紝鏈笓涓氫笓闂ㄤ负娴欐睙鐪佽薄灞卞幙鏀垮簻鍩瑰吇浜�0澶氫綅鍦ㄨ亴骞查儴鐮旂┒鐢熻繘淇彮锛屽叾涓�鍚嶅凡鑾峰緱纭曞＋瀛︿綅锛屽彟鏈変笁浜烘鍦ㄦ挵鍐欏浣嶈鏂囥�鎴戜滑杩樺煿鍏讳簡涓�簺鍚岀瓑瀛﹀巻鐨勭澹爺绌剁敓銆�o:p>
鏈笓涓氬紑璁剧殑鍩烘湰璇剧▼鍖呮嫭锛氭斂娌诲鐞嗚銆佹斂娌诲鐮旂┒鏂规硶璁轰笓棰樸�鏀挎不瀛﹀悕钁楅�璇汇�褰撲唬涓浗鏀挎不鍒嗘瀽銆佹斂娌绘枃鍖栦笓棰樸�姣旇緝鏀挎不鍙戝睍涓撻銆佷腑鍥戒紶缁熸斂娌绘枃鍖栦笓棰樸�瀹斂鐮旂┒銆佽鏀垮鍓嶆部闂銆佹斂搴滅粡娴庡涓撻绛夈�
2锛庣爺绌舵柟鍚戠壒鑹蹭紭鍔�o:p>
涓庡叾浠栧厔寮熼櫌鏍℃瘮杈冿紝娴欐睙澶у涓鏀挎不鍒跺害涓撲笟鏈夌潃鑷繁鐨勫绉戠壒鑹诧紝鍗崇獊鍑哄湴鏂规不鐞嗕笌鍩哄眰姘戜富鏀挎不鐨勭爺绌剁壒鑹层�鏈绉戠偣涓�洿閲嶈鐞嗚鎬с�瀵圭瓥鎬с�瀹炶瘉鎬х爺绌躲�涓昏闆嗕腑涓嬪垪鍑犱釜鏂归潰鐨勭爺绌躲�
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>1锛夌爺绌舵柟鍚戜箣涓�細鍦版柟娌荤悊涓庡湴鏂规斂搴�SPAN style="COLOR: #104171; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
鏈柟鍚戞敞閲嶆斂娌诲鐞嗚涓庡疄璺电殑鏈湡鐮旂┒锛屼互鍦版柟娌荤悊涓哄垏鍏ョ偣锛屽姞寮哄涓浗灏ゅ叾娴欐睙鐪佹斂搴滃湴鏂规斂娌荤ぞ浼氶棶棰樼殑鐮旂┒锛屾帹鍔ㄥ湴鏂规斂娌荤殑鍙戝睍銆�/SPAN>
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>2锛夌爺绌舵柟鍚戜箣浜岋細鏀挎不鍙備笌鍜屽熀灞傛皯涓绘斂娌�/SPAN>
鏈柟鍚戜互鏉戞皯閫変妇涓庤嚜娌讳负鍒囧叆鐐癸紝鎬荤粨涓庣爺绌朵埂鏉戞斂娌诲挨鍏舵禉姹熺渷鐨勫熀灞傛皯涓诲疄璺电殑缁忛獙锛屾帹鍔ㄥ湴鏂规皯涓绘斂娌荤殑寤鸿涓庡彂灞曘�
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>3锛夌爺绌舵柟鍚戜箣涓夛細鏀挎不浜虹被瀛�o:p>
鏈柟鍚戜互浜虹被瀛︾殑鏂规硶銆佷互涓浗鍗楁柟鐨勫畻鏃忎负涓昏鐨勭爺绌跺璞★紝鐮旂┒鏀挎不缁撴瀯鐨勮捣婧愩�婕斿彉鍙婂叾涓庨潪鏀挎不绀句細缁勭粐灏ゅ叾涓庡畻鏃忕殑鍏崇郴銆佹斂娌诲彛鍙枫�鏀挎不璞″緛銆佹爣蹇楃瓑銆�/SPAN>
3锛庨槦浼嶅缓璁�o:p>
鏈绉戠偣鐜板湪涓昏鏈�SPAN lang=EN-US>3浣嶇澹爺绌剁敓鎸囧鏁欏笀锛屽叾涓暀鎺�浣嶏紝鍓暀鎺�浣嶏紝鍒嗗埆鏄檲鍓╁媷銆�/SPAN>
1. 闄堝墿鍕囷紝纭曞＋锛屾暀鎺堬紝鍗氬＋鐢熷甯�SPAN lang=EN-US>
鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氭斂娌诲鐞嗚銆佸湴鏂规斂搴滀笌娌荤悊銆佷腑鍥藉巻鍙层�姘戦棿鍟嗕細
2. 閮庡弸鍏达紝鍗氬＋锛屾暀鎺堬紝纭曞＋鐢熷甯�SPAN lang=EN-US>
鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氬湴鏂规斂娌讳笌娌荤悊銆佸熀灞傞�涓句笌姘戜富銆佺幆澧冩斂娌汇�绀句細鐞嗚
3. 寮犱繆鍗庯紝鍗氬＋锛屾暀鎺堬紝纭曞＋鐢熷甯�SPAN lang=EN-US>
鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氭娲叉斂娌汇�鐢靛瓙鏀垮姟銆佸叏鐞冩斂娌绘矡閫氫笌绀句細璁板繂
4. 闃簯鏄燂紝鍗氬＋锛屽壇鏁欐巿锛岀澹敓瀵煎笀锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>
鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氭娲叉斂娌汇�鐢靛瓙鏀垮姟銆佸叏鐞冩斂娌绘矡閫氫笌绀句細璁板繂
4锛庣鐮斿強鎴愭灉鎯呭喌
浠�SPAN lang=EN-US>2001浠ユ潵锛屾湰瀛︾鐐瑰湪鏀挎不瀛﹀熀纭�悊璁恒�瑗挎柟鏀挎不鍝插銆佷腑鍥藉熀灞傛皯涓婚�涓俱�姘戦棿缁勭粐銆佹斂娌讳汉绫诲绛夐鍩熷厛鍚庢壙鎷呬簡鍥藉鍜岀渷閮ㄧ骇澶氶」璇鹃锛屽嚭鐗堝拰鍙戣〃浜嗕竴绯诲垪杈冧负寮曚汉娉ㄧ洰鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋溿�
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>1锛�/SPAN>涓昏鐮旂┒椤圭洰锛�/SPAN>鎵挎媴浜嗗浗瀹剁骇銆佺渷绾х爺绌惰棰樺椤癸細鍏皯鏈夊簭鏀挎不鍙備笌鍒跺害鍒涙柊锛堝浗瀹剁ぞ绉戝熀閲戯級銆佺ぞ浼氬鍏冨埄鐩婅〃杈炬満鍒躲�鍗忚皟鏈哄埗鍜屾暣鍚堟満鍒剁爺绌讹紙娴欐睙鐪侀噸澶ф嫑鏍囪棰橈級銆佹斂搴滄晥鑳借瘎浼帮紙娴欐睙鐪侀噸澶ф嫑鏍囪棰橈級銆佺ぞ浼氬厛瀵岄樁灞傚弬鏀胯鏀跨爺绌讹紙娴欐睙鐪侀噸澶ф嫑鏍囪棰橈級銆佷腑鍥戒埂鏉戦�涓句笌鑷不锛堟境澶у埄浜氭斂搴滐級銆�/SPAN>杞瀷鏈熲�绌哄发鏉戔�娌荤悊涓庢潙鑰佷汉鍗忎細锛�/SPAN>鐪佺ぞ浼氱瀛﹀熀鍦伴」鐩級銆�/SPAN>鏉戝簞鏀挎不鐮旂┒锛堢渷绀句細绉戝鍩哄湴椤圭洰锛夈�闈炵墿璐ㄦ枃鍖栭仐浜т繚鎶ゅ拰鐮旂┒涓奖瑙嗕汉绫诲鐨勮繍鐢紙鐪佺ぞ浼氱瀛﹀熀鍦伴」鐩級绛夛紱
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>2锛変富瑕佺爺绌舵垚鏋滐細鍙栧緱浜嗕竴鎵硅幏濂借瘎鐨勬暀瀛︾爺绌舵垚鏋滐紝鍑虹増銆�/SPAN>缁勭粐鍖栥�鑷富娌荤悊涓庢皯涓汇�銆併�涓浗绗竴鐜嬫湞鐨勫礇璧枫�銆併�瀵绘壘姘戜富涓庢潈濞佺殑骞宠 锛氭禉姹熸潙姘戦�涓剧粡楠岀爺绌�STRONG>銆嬨�銆婁腑鍥姐伄瀹楁棌銇ㄦ斂娌绘枃鍖栵紞鐝句唬銆岀京搴忋�閮锋潙銇斂娌讳汉椤炲鐨勮�瀵燂紞銆�/SPAN>锛堟棩鏂囷級绛変笓钁楋紝鍙戣〃鈥�/SPAN>鍙︿竴鍩熺殑姘戜富锛氭禉姹熸俯宸炴皯闂村晢浼氱殑鏀挎不瀛﹁瑙�SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">鈥濓紙銆婁腑鍥界ぞ浼氱瀛︽枃鎽樸�锛夈�鈥�/SPAN>鍖哄煙闂存斂搴滃悎浣滐細鍖哄煙缁忔祹涓�綋鍖栫殑璺緞閫夋嫨鈥濓紙銆婃斂娌诲鐮旂┒銆�SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">锛夈�鈥�/SPAN>娓╁窞姘戦棿鍟嗕細锛氳嚜涓绘不鐞嗙殑鍒跺害鍒嗘瀽鈥濓紙銆婄鐞嗕笘鐣屻�锛夈�鈥滃崗鍟嗘皯涓荤悊璁轰笌涓浗鈥濓紙銆婁腑鍥界ぞ浼氱瀛︽枃鎽樸�锛�銆佲�涓浗鍦版柟宸ヤ細鏀归潻鍜屽熀灞傚伐浼氱洿閫夆�锛堛�鏂板崕鏂囨憳銆嬶級銆佲�鏉戝簞閫変妇瀵规潙搴勬潈鍔涚粨鏋勭殑褰卞搷鍙婂畠鐨勮繍浣溾�锛堛�棣欐腐绀句細绉戝銆嬶級銆佲�鏉戞皯浼氳鍜屾潙姘戜唬琛ㄤ細璁�锛堛�鏀挎不瀛︾爺绌躲�锛夈�鈥滄浜戝洶澧冿細涓浗涔￠晣闀跨洿鎺ラ�涓捐�瀵熲�锛堛�浜屽崄涓�笘绾�锛夈�鈥�SPAN lang=EN-US>China鈥檚 First Direct Election of the Township Head: A Case Study of Buyun鈥濓紙Japanese Journal of Political Science锛孋ambridge University Press锛夈�鈥淐rafting Village Democracy in China: The Roles, Networking, and Strategies of Provincial Elites鈥濓紙Journal of Chinese Political Science锛夊拰鈥�/SPAN>銆庡畻鏃忔鑳借珫銆忋仺銆庢鑳界殑瀹楁棌璜栥�銇仱銇勩仸鈥曟灄鑰�彲銇�缇╁簭鐮旂┒銆忋仺M.銉曘儶銉笺儔銉炪兂銇畻鏃忕悊璜栥伄闁總銈掋倎銇愩仯銇︹�鈥濓紙銆婃瘮杈冩皯鏃忕爺绌躲�锛夈�
5锛庣爺绌剁敓鍩瑰吇鐗硅壊浼樺娍
锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>1锛変弗鎶婂叆鍙ｅ叧銆傞壌浜庣洰鍓嶇爺绌跺叆瀛﹁�璇曟墍瀛樺湪鐨勪竴浜涘紛绔紝涓鏀挎不鍒跺害涓撲笟锛�/SPAN>鎶婂ソ鐮旂┒鐢熺殑鍏ュ彛鍏筹紝浠ヨ�璇曞垎鏁颁负鍩虹锛屼絾涓嶅敮鍒嗘暟璁猴紝寮鸿皟澶嶈瘯鐨勪弗鏍兼�锛屽皢鐪熸鏈夊鏈爺绌跺叴瓒ｃ�鐮旂┒娼滃姏鐨勫鐢熻繘鍏ヤ笓涓氬涔犮�渚嬪锛�SPAN lang=EN-US>2006骞淬�2007骞村璇曟椂鏈変釜鍒垵璇曢珮鍒嗙殑鑰冪敓骞舵病鏈夊綍鍙栬繘鏉ワ紱
锛�锛夊姞寮哄熀纭�悊璁烘暀瀛︼紝涓虹爺绌剁敓寮�鍩虹鎬ц绋嬶紝璁╀粬浠彈鍒版墡瀹炵殑瀛︽湳璁粌锛�/SPAN>
锛�锛夎鏂囩殑閫夐涓婄獊鍑洪棶棰樻剰璇嗭紝浣挎墍鐮旂┒鐨勯棶棰樼湡姝ｆ槸涓�釜瀛︽湳鐨勯棶棰橈紝鍚屾椂寮鸿皟閫夋嫨鐞嗚鎺㈣鍒嗘瀽涓庣粡楠岀爺绌剁浉璺濈粨鍚堢殑闂锛�/SPAN>
锛�锛夊湪瀛︿綅璁烘枃鐨勫啓浣滀笂锛屽己璋冩枃鐚祫鏂欒瘎杩扮殑閲嶈鎬э紝寮鸿皟瀛︽湳瑙勮寖鐨勮嚜瑙夈�
6锛庢湭鏉ュ彂灞曠洰鏍�o:p>
璇ュ绉戝彂灞曠殑鎬讳綋鐩爣鏄湪2-3骞撮噷鐢宠鍒板绉戠殑鍗氬＋鐐癸紝閫氳繃5骞寸殑寤鸿鍜屽彂灞曪紝鍔姏浣挎湰瀛︾鍦ㄤ汉鎵嶅煿鍏讳笌鏁欏鏀归潻銆佺瀛︾爺绌躲�瀛︾闃熶紞寤鸿銆佸浗闄呭悎浣滀笌浜ゆ祦绛夋柟闈紝鎴愪负涓�釜杈冧负閲嶈鐨勫熀鍦帮紝鍦ㄥ湴鏂规不鐞嗐�鍩哄眰姘戜富寤鸿绛夐鍩熻蛋鍦ㄥ浗鍐呭墠鍒楋紝鍦ㄥ浗闄呬笂鍏锋湁涓�畾鐨勫奖鍝嶃�