涓婚锛�/strong>Confronting the History Problem in Northeast Asia:A View from Outside
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Confronting the History Problem in Northeast Asia:
A View from Outside
This set of two lectures provides an alternative approach to addressing the history problem between China and Japan. Its method is to construct a historical overview of Northeast Asia (NEA) that integrates the local histories with the collective global one, and provides a common normative platform for assessing who did what since 1840. It aims to open a debate within the region about the history problem by challenging the prevailing politics of blame and recrimination against others in two ways. First, the historical overview is constructed as a kind of balance sheet into which the particular disputes at the centre of the history problem can be placed into a wider context of both world historical developments and systematic normative judgment. Second, in the context of this balance sheet, all the peoples concerned are invited not just to look critically at themselves as well as at others, but also to be aware of the positive contributions that others, as well as themselves, have made to the modern history of the region. The global history framework aims to put Northeast Asian history into shared context and show how while NEA has largely solved the big history problem of its dual encounter with the West and modernity, it has failed to solve the smaller, local history problem generated by that dual encounter, and both the states and peoples of the region, and the rest of the world, are paying a heavy price for that. The normative framework for assessment aims to be broadly acceptable to the peoples in NEA and consists of five goals: ridding Asia of Western imperialism/hegemony; increasing the absolute and relative wealth and power of Asian states and societies; restoring respect for Asian nations and their rightful place in international society; promoting respectful relationships with their neighbours on the basis of sovereign and racial equality; and promoting the broadly Confucian ideal of an orderly, peaceful and harmonious domestic society. The paper argues that when NEA’s history is seen through these lenses, there are no obvious heroes or villains. Instead there is a complex and densely connected joint story in which both countries (and also the West and Korea) have deeply mixed records, making positive contributions in some ways and negative ones in others. NEA’s shared story in its dual encounter is much more important than the stories of the individual countries. Perhaps not surprisingly, placing the local histories into the larger picture of the global transformation exposes many profound similarities between the structural positions and trajectories of Japan and China. These similarities might provide a foundation on which the two countries could begin to build a solution to their history problem, and so open the path towards the peaceful and stable region they both say they want.